Myanmar

Civil Unrest/Political Tensions
On 1 February 2021, the Myanmar military assumed control of the country and declared a state of emergency. This has led to a significant increase in the level of violence, with many deaths and injuries. Night-time curfews and bans on public gatherings have been imposed across the country. Curfews and restrictions on movement may be imposed at short notice, in addition to those already in place, Martial law is in place in some parts of Yangon and many parts of the country. Expect an increased security presence countrywide.

Following the military takeover, there has been widespread political violence throughout Myanmar. While most clashes occur between non-state armed groups and the Burmese security forces, it has resulted in both military and civilian casualties, including from artillery fire and airstrikes on civilian targets. There is an extreme risk of politically motivated violent actions. The location and intensity of the attacks are often unpredictable.

New Zealanders in Myanmar are advised to minimise their movements, especially on anniversaries and days of national significance, and to keep themselves informed of potential risks to safety and security by monitoring media and other local information sources. We recommend following any instructions issued by the local authorities and exercising vigilance in public places.

Security forces have used lethal force against protestors across the country, resulting in numerous arrests and casualties. New Zealanders should avoid any and all demonstrations or public gatherings due to the high risk of them turning violent.

There have been widespread detentions, including of foreign nationals. There is a risk of arbitrary detention or arrest. There have been ongoing disruptions to internet platforms (including social media), as well as to wider internet and telecommunication networks. Other basic services, including electricity, ATMs and public health services have also been disrupted. The political situation remains unpredictable. Heightened civil unrest and armed conflict is expected to continue. We recommend complying with any instructions issued by the local authorities, including any curfews. It is also important to keep your family and friends informed of your well-being. Monitor the media for any developments that may affect the security situation.

There has been politically motivated violence on or around public holidays such as Armed Forces Day (27 March) and Martyrs Day (19 July). On significant anniversaries and other dates of national significance, such as Independence Day (4 January), the anniversary of the coup (1 February), the 8 August 1988 uprising, and the September 2007 protests, there may be rallies and silent strikes. Minimise movement during these times in case of an uptick in violent attacks and monitor the media for updates. You should also expect an increased security presence in Yangon and elsewhere.

Security Incidents
Since the military takeover in February 2021, Improvised Explosive Device (IED) use and violent attacks have increased throughout the country. While most IEDs and attacks have targeted Myanmar’s security forces or government officials, the threat to the public is significant. Attacks may impact civilian bystanders, including in areas frequented by foreign nationals, such as hotels, bars, restaurants, shopping malls, schools, transport hubs and serviced apartments. New Zealanders in Myanmar are advised to keep themselves informed of potential risks to safety and security by monitoring the media and other local information sources. We recommend following any instructions issued by the local authorities and exercising vigilance in public places.

There have been a large number of small-scale bombings and shootings targeting government buildings, police stations and businesses associated with the regime or its supporters in cities and rural areas, which have resulted in injuries and sometimes death. Further incidents cannot be ruled out. New Zealanders in Myanmar are advised to be security conscious in public and crowded places.

Armed Conflict
There are increasing outbreaks of armed violence between military forces, ethnic armed groups, and militias in almost all states and regions. These clashes sometimes result in the kidnapping, death or injury of civilians, security personnel, and non-state armed fighters. There is an ongoing threat from IEDs and unmarked landmines in conflict areas. In November 2019, a foreign tourist was killed by a landmine while travelling outside of Hsipaw township in Northern Shan State.

Crime
Myanmar has a low level of crime, and violent crime against foreigners is rare, however instances of opportunistic petty crime such as pickpocketing, bag snatching and home burglaries do occur. We advise New Zealanders to be alert to their surroundings at all times and take steps to safeguard and secure their personal belongings.

Border Areas/Crossings
There are a limited number of legal land crossing points into Myanmar, and these are subject to closure without notice. Permission to cross these borders may be required in advance through a separate process to a visa application. Travel restrictions placed by the Myanmar authorities apply for most border areas. We advise New Zealanders against attempting to cross any border illegally or enter restricted areas without the appropriate permission from Myanmar authorities.

General Travel Advice
New Zealanders should ensure that they travel on the appropriate visa for the purpose of their visit, and abide by any immigration requirements such as those concerning registration of place of accommodation.  

New Zealanders are advised to respect religious and social/cultural traditions in Myanmar to avoid offending local sensitivities and potentially breaking the law. Shorts and sleeveless tops will cause offence when visiting Buddhist religious sites. It is illegal to preach or hand out religious material without written approval or to ‘insult religion’ which includes mistreating images of the Buddha, such as visible tattoos.

We advise against taking photographs of any protests, demonstrations or government or military installations, as this could result in arrest and/or detention. This includes the use of drones.

New Zealanders should be aware that having a VPN in Myanmar may be regarded with suspicion. There can be severe penalties for posting or engaging with anything on social media that could be seen as politically sensitive.

Penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty.

Same-sex sexual activity is illegal under Myanmar law.

Exercise caution in relation to offers of employment, including for IT or English teaching roles, that appear ‘too good to be true’.  There have been a number of cases where victims have been trafficked into online scamming centres or other fraudulent activity, with poor pay and living conditions, restrictions on movement, and the possibility of severe mistreatment.

Travellers visiting Myanmar have experienced difficulties accessing their money. Myanmar remains a predominantly cash-based society and although credit and debit cards are increasingly accepted in major tourist areas some cards do not work.

New Zealanders travelling to Myanmar are advised to check with their bank before travelling to confirm that your debit, credit or ATM cards will allow them to withdraw cash or make payments in Myanmar. You should take enough cash (US dollars in pristine condition) to last throughout the duration of your stay in Myanmar. Visitors should keep abreast of the latest regulations concerning foreign exchange and the use of foreign currency in local businesses.  

Myanmar does not recognise dual nationality. This limits your access to New Zealand consular assistance and entry by a New Zealand citizen on a Myanmar passport may constitute an immigration offence. In February 2024, Myanmar authorities announced that Myanmar men and women could be required, by law, to serve in the armed forces. Length of service can depend on criteria such as age, occupation, and whether there is a state of emergency. If you are a New Zealand-Myanmar dual national, holding a New Zealand passport may not exempt you from this law. Travellers should read our advice on dual citizenship here.

New Zealanders travelling or living in Myanmar should have a comprehensive travel insurance policy in place that includes provision for medical evacuation by air.

New Zealanders in Myanmar are encouraged to register their details with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.