Source: MIL-OSI Submissions
Source: New Zealand Government – Retirement Commission
Data gathered from almost three million members of KiwiSaver has highlighted the gender gap in Kiwis’ balances in the retirement savings scheme, and how overall both sexes are lagging behind where they would have expected to be at this point.
Te Ara Ahunga Ora Retirement Commission engaged Melville Jessup Weaver (MJW) actuaries to collect previously unknown data about KiwiSaver balances across age groups and gender.
The MJW report contains data on 2,944,050 members with total balances of $85.44 billion as at 31 December 2021, representing approximately 93% of the total KiwiSaver member base.
The average KiwiSaver balance is $29,022, with the average balance for a male 20% higher than the average balance for a female – males ($32,553) and females ($27,061).
The findings also reveal 40% of KiwiSaver members have a balance of less than $10,000.
19% of those with less than $10,000 are aged 17 and under
24% of those with less than $10,000 are aged 18-25
22% of those with less than $10,000 are aged 26-35
However, 21% of those aged 51-65 also have less than $10,000 and they may not have saved as much as they would have liked for their retirement.
Te Ara Ahunga Ora Director, Policy, Dr Suzy Morrissey says the MJW report highlights the popularity of KiwiSaver across all ages, including the over 65s, and the difference in average balances by gender at all ages.
“This is the first time we’ve had access to this level of data on KiwiSaver balances and demographics and gives a strong picture of how New Zealanders are contributing to the scheme and how popular it is.
“While not surprising, given KiwiSaver is a retirement savings scheme closely associated with the labour market, this report provides robust data to further highlight the gender savings gap, which is apparent across all age groups.
The widest gaps are between men and women in their 40s and 50s. On average,
women in their 40s have approximately $10,000 (or 30%) less KiwiSaver than men
women in their 50s have approximately $13,000 (or 32%) less KiwiSaver than men
This likely reflects the combined impact of the gender and ethnic pay gaps, time out of paid work, and the higher percentage of women than men that work part-time.
“KiwiSaver is one of two pillars in NZ’s retirement income system and while not perfect when using a gender lens is still a good scheme helping New Zealanders head into retirement in a better financial position. This highlights why NZ Super, the other pillar, is so important as it does not disadvantage women because of its universality.”
Te Ara Ahunga Ora asked MJW to develop hypothetical scenarios for people who had invested in KiwiSaver for 14 years (the maximum time possible) without making any withdrawals and compare them to the average balances. The median wage for each cohort was used to determine the contribution amount (minimum employee and employer) and government incentives were included.
For example, a woman who joined KiwiSaver in a conservative fund when she was 20, who is now 34, could have built up a balance of $46,878, but the average balance for those aged 31-35 is only $19,141 (as at December 2021), a difference of $27,738. A man in the same cohort, could have built up a balance of around $53,381, compared to the average balance of those aged 31-35 of $22,738 (as at December 2021), a more than $30,000 difference.
“What this has revealed is when comparing current balances to what would have been possible for a median wage earner to have accrued over the 14 years of KiwiSaver, we see that they are lower, on average, across all age groups,” says Dr Morrissey.
“Part of this can likely be linked to first home deposit withdrawals and saving suspensions, and people not participating in the scheme for the full 14 years that it has been available.
“Access to this data is particularly useful to support our work which is underway on the three-yearly Review of Retirement Income Policies where we are considering a wide range of areas relating to retirement.”
The Retirement Commissioner will submit a report to government in December providing analysis on the effect of retirement income policies for New Zealanders and identify emerging issues for future policy consideration.
Policy brief – KiwiSaver balances111KB PDF https://cffc-assets-prod.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/public/Uploads/Retirement-Income-Policy-Review/TAAO-RC-Policy-Brief-2022_Kiwisaver.pdf
KiwiSaver Demographic Study 2022 – MJW 313KB PDF
Notes:
About Melville Jessup Weaver (MJW) KiwiSaver Demographic Report
Method
MJW approached several KiwiSaver providers asking for aggregated data covering the membership of their schemes. Providers were asked to fill in a simple spreadsheet giving the number of members for different age and gender combinations, and the average savings balance (see Appendix B). Data was provided in early 2022 giving a snapshot as at 31 December 2021.
Providers covering 2,944,050 members with total balances of $85.44 billion responded. According to the IRD1 , in December 2021 there were 3,162,067 KiwiSaver members in total, meaning that this survey covered approximately 93% of the total KiwiSaver member base. While a large sample, it is possible that the results reflect some biases and due caution should be applied to interpreting the results. Also, it should be noted that some gender information was unavailable. In this report, total figures include data relating to members where gender is unknown. However, the analysis of males and females excludes data relating to members where gender is unknown.
Note
KiwiSaver providers do not collect information on ethnicities, only by age and gender.
About the RRIP
Under the New Zealand Superannuation and Retirement Income Act 2001, the Retirement Commissioner is required to carry out a Review of Retirement Income Policies (RRIP) every three years.
Key topics to be focused on for the 2022 review relate to three broad areas comprising New Zealand Superannuation, housing, and private savings including KiwiSaver. More information, including the terms of reference, is available here. https://retirement.govt.nz/policy-and-research/2022-review-of-retirement-income-policies/
