Source: MIL-OSI Submissions
Source: CoreLogic
Government’s tax policy changes targeting investors may give a lift to FHBs
The second edition of the CoreLogic First Home Buyer Report, covering Q1 2021, indicates that Government intervention with tax policy changes to cool the residential investor market likely came at the right moment for first home buyers* (FHBs), with the share of purchases by FHBs having eased down over the past three to six months. Nationally, FHBs’ market share in Q1 2021 was 21.5%, down from 24.8% six months ago and also the lowest since Q1 2018, hinting at ‘fatigue’ and a growing struggle to keep up with other buyer groups and ever-rising deposit requirements and property values.
However, never-before-seen data developed by Equifax and CoreLogic shows that – perhaps contrary to popular belief – the average age of FHBs has not risen markedly in recent years. After dipping from 35 to 34 in 2017, the national average has held steady at that figure ever since; FHBs in Auckland are 35 years old on average, 34 in Wellington and Tauranga, and even younger – 31 – in provincial areas like Manawatu, Masterton, Rangitikei, and Timaru, where property values are generally lower and affordability measures therefore less stretched.
CoreLogic Chief Property Economist Kelvin Davidson says, “Based on the data, the Government would probably say that its intervention to discourage leveraged investors from buying existing properties and help FHBs has been well timed. Among the possible reasons for the average age of FHBs holding steady, despite growing affordability pressures, are earlier access to larger KiwiSaver pots, a willingness to move further afield or look at different or cheaper property types, as well as help from parents or family. FHBs may also have begun to save earlier than in the past.
“We know that historically FHBs share of purchases has been affected at certain times by loan to value ratio (LVR) restrictions. Owner-occupiers are currently required to have a 20% deposit, although the banks can of course make use of the Reserve Bank-mandated speed limit and allow up to 20% of owner-occupier loans (including FHBs) to be made at less than a 20% deposit. On that note, there is evidence that some would-be FHBs have become so disenfranchised or discouraged that they are giving up on buying, but based on mortgage data showing that about one-third of FHB loans in March 2021 were done at less than a 20% deposit, many would be well advised to pursue their options with a mortgage adviser or bank. There is more flexibility in the lending market than many may think.”
Shift in types of property being purchased and median prices being paid by FHBs
Across NZ, houses accounted for 75% of FHB purchases in Q1 2021, down from 77% in the calendar year 2020, but still higher than the latest figure for all buyers of 72%. Flats account for 16% of FHB purchases, versus 13% for all buyers, while lifestyle for all buyers (7%) outweighs that category for FHBs (3%).
Even with Government intervention potentially freeing up opportunities for FHBs to access existing properties with less competition from leveraged investors than before, FHBs may face more competition for new-builds, a segment they have shown interest in recently.
In Q1 2021, FHBs paid a median price of $650,000, higher than the 2020 calendar year figure of $576,500, but less than the Q1 2021 all-buyer figure of $725,000. That said, the FHB median in Q1 2021 of $650,000 was still well above the all-buyer lower quartile ($510,000), illustrating that FHBs don’t always start at the bottom and work their way up.
As was the case at the national level, each of the main centres saw FHBs pay a median price in Q1 2021 that was lower than for all buyers. Reflecting the fact that it has the highest prices to start with, the gap was largest in Auckland, with FHBs paying a median in Q1 2021 of $877,000, $133,000 less than the figure for all buyers ($1,010,000). The gap was also more than $100,000 in Tauranga, although the median price actually paid by FHBs was higher in Wellington ($770,000 versus $699,000 in Tauranga).
Mr Davidson says, “The standout centre is Christchurch, where the FHB median price paid is still below $500,000, lower than in many provincial areas. The relative affordability in our second-largest city is so much better than anywhere else, and especially appealing for FHBs because the city’s business community is established and jobs are on offer.”
In the next 12 key centres around New Zealand, it’s a mixed bag in terms of FHB presence relative to normal. In Gisborne (22%), Rotorua (23%), and Queenstown (14%), the share of property purchases in Q1 2021 made by FHBs was pretty close to the long-term average. But in New Plymouth (25% vs 20%), and to a lesser extent Nelson, Kapiti Coast, Hastings, and Napier, the FHB share was above average. By contrast, FHBs found it harder going than normal in Q1 2021 in Whangarei, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and Invercargill.
Around the provincial areas, the highest median price paid by FHBs in Q1 2021 was in Waipa ($705,000), and the lowest in Wairoa ($239,000). Tasman, Thames-Coromandel, Central Otago, Western Bay of Plenty, and South Wairarapa also saw FHBs pay a median price of $600,000 or above, while Grey and Buller joined Wairoa in the sub-$300,000 group.
Mortgage repayments close to par with rental costs in some centres
Based on the median price paid by FHBs in Q1 2021, and assuming an 80% loan to value ratio mortgage (and a 2.5% mortgage rate), fortnightly loan repayments have been calculated nationally and for each of the main centres, then compared to the typical fortnightly rent in each area. (NB The table compares the median price paid by a FHB to an average rent across all properties/renters, not just the rent previously paid by a recent FHB.)
Mr Davidson says, “It is currently cheaper for a FHB to pay the mortgage, excluding other ownership costs such as rates and insurance, than to rent in Christchurch, with only a +$44 gap in Dunedin. Nationally, it costs $101 more per fortnight for a FHB to pay their typical mortgage than to rent.
“Looking at the big picture, we had dubbed 2019 the ‘year of the first home buyer’ (FHB), and 2020 the ‘year of the investor’, but that didn’t detract from FHBs still faring pretty well in 2020, when their % share of purchases rose to a record high of 24.8% in Q3. Since then, however, the sheer weight of investor demand in the market that has continued into 2021 has seen FHBs’ market share dip back to 21.5%. Clearly, investors/landlords are vital to a well-functioning property market, but we certainly agree that accessibility for first home buyers is also critical. This First Home Buyer Report is designed to provide more insight into how that balance is being struck.”
For more information or to access the full First Home Buyer Report, visit www.corelogic.co.nz.
* For clarity, CoreLogic defines a first home buyer purchase to be where all parties involved haven’t owned property in New Zealand before and are using a mortgage to make the deal.
