Source: MIL-OSI Submissions
New Zealand’s population passes 5 million – Media release
18 May 2020
New Zealand’s resident population provisionally reached 5 million in March 2020, Stats NZ said today.
“This is a significant event for New Zealand,” population insights senior manager Brooke Theyers said.
“It is also the fastest million in our history, taking 17 years after reaching 4 million in 2003.”
A precise date for the milestone will be available after the population estimates are revised to fully incorporate 2018 Census and census coverage results later in 2020, as well as revisions to international migration estimates. This could see the milestone date move slightly earlier or later than March 2020.
“It is most likely the 5 million milestone was reached by a migrant arriving by plane, but could have been reached by a newborn baby.”
The estimated resident population is provisionally 5,002,100 at 31 March 2020.
Stats NZ previously indicated that the 5 million mark would be likely reached in 2020 (see Are we there yet? Heading for a population of 5 million).
Text alternative for graph of New Zealand resident population, 1900–2020
Recent migration tips population past 5 million
Population growth has been significant since 2013, with half a million people added to the population over the last six years. On average, the population has grown by 1.8 percent a year since 2013, driven by net migration.
“The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused unusual international travel and migration patterns in recent months,” said Mrs Theyers.
“Net migration has been boosted by more New Zealand citizens returning home after living overseas.”
“At the same time, New Zealand citizens may have been unable or reluctant to head offshore.”
The migration estimates are subject to revision, especially if recent migrant arrivals head back overseas once border restrictions are relaxed and international travel resumes (see NZ citizens migrating home in record numbers). Any revisions to migration estimates will also cause revisions to population estimates.
How we got there
About half of the population growth from 4 to 5 million (between 2003 and 2020) was due to natural increase (births minus deaths), and about half from net migration (migrant arrivals minus migrant departures).
“International migration played a significant role in reaching the 5 million milestone,” Mrs Theyers said.
“Migration was also significant in reaching 1 million in 1908.”
During the 20th century, natural increase was the main factor growing New Zealand’s population. However, net migration has been the dominant factor at different times such as during the early 1970s, mid-1990s, early 2000s, and late 2010s.
Role of migration
Migration is a two-way street – more than 1 million people born overseas now live in New Zealand, while hundreds of thousands of New Zealand-born people live overseas, especially in Australia.
“International migration has also changed the composition of our population,” Mrs Theyers said.
The 2018 Census indicated that over 27 percent of New Zealand’s population was born overseas, a proportion similar to when New Zealand reached 1 million in 1908. The Māori ethnic population has grown from 5 percent of the population (1906 Census) to 17 percent in 2018. While the population in 1908 was dominated by settlers from Europe, mainly the United Kingdom, the population in 2020 is more diverse. In addition to significant European and Māori ethnic populations, New Zealand is also home to various Asian and Pacific ethnic populations, as well as growing Middle Eastern/Latin American/African populations. See also 2018 Census data allows users to dive deep into New Zealand’s diversity.
The 5 million club
Other countries with populations between 5 and 6 million include Costa Rica, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Singapore, and the Slovak Republic.
Will we get to 6 million?
The latest national population projections (published October 2016) indicate that the resident population is likely to reach 6 million in the 2040s, but it could be earlier or later depending on birth rates, death rates and net migration. Sustained lower birth rates and an ageing population mean that the population is likely to grow at a slower pace in the future, than it has in recent decades.
New national population projections are likely to be released in late 2020 and will involve a review of fertility, mortality and migration tr
